Since the 19th century, designers have increasingly turned to biological and ecological explanations to understand the complex and interconnected nature of their design projects, as well as the unintended effects of those projects on the natural environment. Pollution and resource depletion are readily understood as the cumulative, systematic effects of human activity, but so too [...]
Correalism
Kiesler’s definition of the term was succinct: ‘the term “correalism” expressed the dynamics of continual interaction between man and his natural and technological environments’ (1939).
In Kiesler’s view, the interaction between tools, needs, and environment was continual and as he repeatedly explained, ‘no tool exists in isolation. Every technological device is coreal: its existence is conditioned [...]